BROADWAY IS NOT THE BUSIEST TRANSIT ROUTE IN CANADA

Here we go again!

It seems trouble is brewing on Broadway and for the sixth time since Jan.1 a media outlet has repeated the TransLink and City of Vancouver’s nonsense that Broadway is the busiest transit route in North America.

Well it isn’t and never was and my guess is that TransLink, the provincial NDP and the CoV are softening up the taxpayer for some bad fiscal news about the now $2.7 billion, 5.7 km Broadway Subway.

A RftV  re-post from four years ago.

BROADWAY IS NOT THE BUSIEST TRANSIT ROUTE IN CANADA

 

For the past several years, the SkyTrain Lobby, politicians and academics have all said, almost in unison, that Broadway was the busiest transit corridor in Canada, if not North America.

The old Joseph Goebbels quote is true; “If you tell a lie big enough and keep repeating it, people will eventually come to believe it.

Thus for the past several years the big Broadway lie, enabled by TransLink  has ingrained the notion that Broadway is the most heavily transit route in Canada.

Fact Check!

In a letter to several news organizations, all metro mayors and other interested parties, I laid the foundation that Broadway was not the busiest transit route in Canada .

Stung by this, TransLink wrote a letter to myself and in a round about way claimed that Broadway “is our region’s most overcrowded bus route.

No apology and not even a hint of remorse, TransLink continues to boast about Broadway!

Finally, on January 31, 2019, you contacted several news organizations and this Secretariat raising concerns over TransLink’s assertion that the 99 B-Line is the busiest bus route in the US and Canada. TransLink is confident in its data collection and peer comparisons, noting that the 99 B-Line route on the Broadway Corridor moves 60,000 customers per day on articulated buses running every three minutes at peak times. This is our region’s most overcrowded bus route. Pass ups are already common, as our regular riders on that route are fully aware. TransLink projects that the 99 B-Line from Arbutus to UBC will be at capacity in the peak when the Millennium Line extension from Commercial-Broadway to Arbutus opens.

Just a minor footnote, according to TransLink the 99B moves about 60,000 customers a day, but of course that is both ways, as TransLink slyly tries to once again inflate the real ridership on Broadway.

Why?

The big prize is the now $3.5 billion Broadway SkyTrain subway to Arbutus and TransLink does not want the truth to upset the subway bulldozer!

Screenshot 2023-01-06 at 10-26-01 I you repeat a lie cartoon - Google Search

Doing The Same Thing Over Again Just Will Not Work

logodec0831.jpg

After receiving a number of abusive amount of Emails about the post (all deleted), has indicated to me that most people do not have a firm grounding in modern public transport philosophy, nor a good knowledge of provincial finances. Most forget, that in the end, both LRT and light metro are trains and there is only one taxpayer.

Many Vancouver Island rail advocates firmly believe that Vancouver Island is financed separately from the Province of BC, which is pure rubbish.

Very few people understand that $11 billion needed to finance a 21.7 km extension to the Expo and Millennium Lines 21.7 km in Metro Vancouver is one of the main reasons the province has ignored the plight of the E&N and of course RftV’s Valley rail project.

UTDC-001

People don’t realize today that the Expo Line (the name SkyTrain was chosen by a public contest on a local radio station) was built strictly for politcal purposes by the then Social Credit government, using the proprietary Advanced Light Rail Transit (ALRT) system, renamed from the original  Intermediate Capacity Transit System ICTS), which was unmarketable.. Each extension of the Expo line was designed to fit in the Social Credit’s three to four year election cycle.

Photo-ops and 10 second sound bites for electioneering were more important than a sound regional transit plan.

When the NDP were in power in the 90’s, they too understood the power of rapid transit and forced the Millennium Line using Bombardiers completely rebuilt ALRT/ICTS system, which they called Advanced Rapid Transit. To help sell this almost unsalable proprietary railway, the NDP contrived a report claiming that the only reason to build rapid transit was for land use purposes or in other words, rapid transit (SkyTrain) would be a driver for land development.

Subsequent provincial and civic politicians jumped on the development and densification band wagon and with that came the land speculators and higher property values. With higher property values came increased taxes and as taxes increased, rents and leases also increased. Fueled by illegal money laundering, from local casinos and compliant politicians, a modern day land rush was created where land speculators assemble lands along present and future rapid transit routes, then made handsome profits selling the land to land developers, who then induced local politicians to allow even higher densities, allowing bigger profits.

Today, Metro Vancouver is fast becoming unlivable, with basic housing being unaffordable: tent cities along main thoroughfares: drug induced death rate, almost unsurpassed in North America and endemic traffic congestion in the region.

What went wrong?

There is no simple answer, except that politicians just love those photo-ops and 10 second sound bites for the evening news in front of SkyTrain guideways, that rapid transit will solve our transportation woes; our housing woes; and generally anything else that sounds good in the media.

Thus politicians keep demanding the same thing be done, over and over again and spending obscene amounts of money, building small rapid transit extensions that have proven to do the opposite of what was promiced.

This reminds me of the of the Hans Christian Anderson’s fable, the Emperor’s New Clothes.

Two swindlers arrive at the capital city of an emperor who spends lavishly on clothing at the expense of state matters. Posing as weavers, they offer to supply him with magnificent clothes that are invisible to those who are stupid or incompetent. The emperor hires them, and they set up looms and go to work. A succession of officials, and then the emperor himself, visit them to check their progress. Each sees that the looms are empty but pretends otherwise to avoid being thought a fool.

Finally, the weavers report that the emperor’s suit is finished. They mime dressing him and he sets off in a procession before the whole city. The townsfolk uncomfortably go along with the pretense, not wanting to appear inept or stupid, until a child blurts out that the emperor is wearing nothing at all. The people then realize that everyone has been fooled. Although startled, the emperor continues the procession, walking more proudly than ever.

emperors

 

Like the fable The Emperor’s New Clothes, doing the same thing over and over again, by building more SkyTrain light-metro lines ever hoping for different results, has gutted the province’s ability to fund other and intentionally better transit projects in the province.

Like the fable, the vain emperor or premier (city mayors as well) walk the streets naked, proud at achieving nothing. TransLink and provincial transportation strategies are equally naked, reduced to doing the same thing over again, hoping for different results.

Lack of A Regional Rail Strategy Is An Abandonment of Political Fiduciary Duty

How many deaths mus happen before the province decides to have a regional rail strategy?

How many deaths must happen before the province decides to have a regional rail strategy?

The message was tragically brought home to roost Christmas Eve with the fatal bus crash on highway 97C, the Okanagon Connector, where a intercity bus crash claimed four lives, that the province desperately needs a regional transportation strategy.

The provincial government, despite promises to the contrary, have not acted and in fact, seem to be retreating from any provincial transportation strategy.

With foul weather shifting to once every 100 of 50 year events, with global warming and climate change, are now becoming almost annual events yet all level of governments seem to be ossified in planning, where inaction and myopia seems to be the only plan.

Last weeks transportation chaos which saw Vancouver International airport reduced to a shambles; public transit collapsed; two major bridges (Alex Fraser and Port Mann) closed due to falling ice and finally a tragic bus accident on the eve of Christmas are the shape of things to come.

BC and Canada’s love affair with “rubber on asphalt” transportation solutions must end and investment instead go to a national regional rail strategy. The anti-rail bias is striking and rail investment is based on an electability standard of what project’s photo-ops and 10 second sound bites on the evening news which will provide the more votes!

The province is spending $11 billion, extending the Metro Vancouver’s SkyTrain light metro system a mere 21.7 km; a system that has proven over and over again that it does not operate well or at all in snow. By comparison, the Rail for the Valley/Leewood Study regional rail plan would cost $1.5 billion.

As well, the SkyTrain light metro system has no track record of modal shift and in fact is seen today by many international transportation planners and engineers as an operating museum piece on par with the Wuppertal Schwebebahn.

The province needs a viable regional rail transportation strategy and it needs it now.

The current provincial and federal governments do not have any such strategy and political fake tears and condolences on the evening news to highway related carnage is getting more then tiresome, as the very same politicians do nothing to solve the issue.

 

Bc desperately needs a regional rail stragegy, but doing nothing seems to be the present course of action.

BC desperately needs a regional rail strategy, but doing nothing seems to be the present course of action.

As mentioned many times before the province is spending $11 billion to extend the SkyTrain light-metro a mere 21.7 km in voter rich metro Vancouver, yet the E&N rots into oblivion; the RftV project is shunned and the Okanagan rail corridor has been ripped up.

Shame on the current provincial government; shame on the federal government, the blood of four dead bus passengers are on your hands.

In the era of Global Warming and climate change, not having a regional passenger rail strategy is more than an embarrassment, it is a a failure of political fiduciary duty.

SkyTrain Again Fails in the Snow

I find it more than interesting that our hugely expensive rapid transit system once again fails in the snow.

Oh, the excuses are many but TransLink, the Minister of Transportation and the premier will never admit to the fact that our SkyTrain light metro system just isn’t up to scratch in adverse weather.

Even the Canada Line splutters along in snow and ice, yet scores of tramways operate with little problems in the snow, with a good examples everywhere.

What is more than galling is that TransLink with the provinces nod, is extending the Expo line to Langley, where it is known to snow a lot.

TransLink gets another big FAIL this week, but no one seems to care!

 

A Karlsruhe TramTrain in deep snow in the countryside.

A Karlsruhe TramTrain in deep snow in the countryside.

TransLink update: Icy conditions halt, delay SkyTrain service across Metro Vancouver

Stay home if you can.

A Merry Christmas 2022 From Rail for The Valley

A tram in the snow!

A tram in the snow!

Rail for the Valley and Zwei, wishes everyone a merry Christmas and a safe and happy New Year!

An Overview of Quebec City’s New Tramway

An overview of Quebec City’s proposed new tramway, something all out civic and provincial politicians should see.

In the new design for Quebec City's tramway network, northbound vehicular traffic will be redirected, leaving more space for pedestrians on De la Couronne Street. (Ville du Québec)

In the new design for Quebec City’s tramway network, northbound vehicular traffic will be redirected, leaving more space for pedestrians on De la Couronne Street. (Ville du Québec)

Please watch.

How Metro Vancouver’s Regional Transit Planning Has continued To Get It Wrong!

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Please Deliver to Mayor and Council
 
From: Rail for the Valley
 
 
My name is (name withheld by request)  and I have been involved with transit issues in the lower mainland for four decades. I have been a forty year member of the Light Rail Transit Association and through my long membership, I have been advised by transit experts, both in Canada, the USA and abroad. I am the person responsible for the Leewood Study, an independent study by Leewood Projects UK, about the viability of reinstating the former Vancouver to Chilliwack interurban service with modern TramTrain or light diesel multiple units, on behalf of the Rail for the Valley group.

Rail for the Valley: www.railforthevalley.com/

TramTrain: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tram-train

Leewood Projects: leewoodprojects.co.uk/

Leewood Study: www.railforthevalley.com/studies/

The Lower mainland has a glaringly expensive transit problem; Metro Vancouver mayors, the province and TransLink have approved spending around $11 billion dollars, extending the Expo and Millennium Light-Metro lines 21.7 km.

Is this a good investment of tax dollars or are the regional civic and provincial politicians condemning the region to a very expensive, yet obsolete regional rail system by doing the same thing over and over again, hoping for different results.

This massive expenditure, extending the Millennium and Expo Lines a mere 21.7 km will attract little new ridership because there will be little or no improvement for the transit customer, despite the promises of TransLink and the bellicose claims by politicians.

The $2.8 billion, 5.7 km Broadway subway, is literally a subway to nowhere. The terminus for the subway at Arbutus can be traced to the early 1990’s Broadway – Lougheed Light Rail Project, where Arbutus was seen to connect to future LRT operating on the Arbutus Corridor. Subways have proven to be little incentive for transit customers and a major inconvenience in forced transfers from bus to subway, means many former transit customers may opt for the car instead.

Broadway_Subway_construction_near_Yukon_Street,_Vancouver_-_July_2022_-_01

Subways are very poor in attracting new ridership, especially subways to nowhere.

In Surrey, former Premier Horgan’s recent political promise to extend the Expo Line to Langley, has grave financial implications, akin to the FastFerry fiasco, which has followed the NDP as an Albatross around its political neck, for two and half decades. Simply, the Millennium Line extension to Langley has become far too costly, for what good it will do.

This possible $5 billion investment for 16 km of new line, confirms Bent Flyvberg’s Iron Law of Mega-projects specifically addresses why politicians are obsessed with infrastructure at any cost.

the “political sublime,” which here is understood as the rapture politicians get from building monuments to themselves and their causes. Mega-projects are manifest, garner attention, and lend an air of proactiveness to their promoters. Moreover, they are media magnets, which appeals to politicians who seem to enjoy few things better than the visibility they get from starting mega-projects. Except maybe cutting the ribbon of one in the company of royals or presidents, who are likely to be present lured by the unique monumental and historical import of many mega-projects. This is the type of public exposure that helps get politicians re-elected. They therefore actively seek it out.

It is time TransLink stops its deliberate game of confusion with Metro Vancouver’s light-metro system, which has led to decades ill-advised investments, which has cost the taxpayer many times more for the present light-metro system, than it should have.

Metro Vancouver’s regional light-metro system, is called SkyTrain and the SkyTrain light-metro system is made up of two distinct railways:

  • The Canada Line, a conventional railway, built as a light metro and uses ‘off the shelf’ Electrical Multiple Units (EMU’s) currently supplied by ROTEM of Korea. As built, the Canada Line, with 40 metre to 50 metre station platforms, has limited its maximum capacity to around 9,000 persons per hour per direction. A two car train-set is 41 metres long.
  • The Expo and Millennium Lines operate an unconventional, proprietary and often renamed light-metro system, now called Movia Automatic Light Metro (MALM), whose cars are only supplied by Alstom. Alstom has purchased Bombardier’s rail division, earlier this year. No other car manufacturer has an “off the shelf” operating vehicle, let alone a production line for such a vehicle, thus the transit system is deemed proprietary as there is only one supplier.
The SkyTrain Light-metro System to scale, including station platform lengths.
BC Transit Rail

 

The MALM system uses linear induction motors (LIM’s) and is not compatible in operation with any other railway except its small family of seven systems.
 
The five previous names for MALM are, in descending order (owner of the proprietary railway in parenthesis).
  1. Innovia Light Metro (Bombardier)
  2. Advanced Rapid Transit (Bombardier)
  3. Advanced Light Metro (Lavalin)
  4. Advanced Light Rail Transit (the Urban Transportation Development Company)
  5. Intermediate Capacity Transit System (the Urban Transportation Development Company)
 
The six other operating authorities, operating MALM systems are either abandoning operation when the cars’ have become “life expired” or have signaled they are not going to expand their systems, leaving Vancouver the sole customer for MALM.

A technology bias exists at TransLink. Internationally the MALM system is considered long obsolete as it costs more to build, operate and maintain than conventional light rail or even a heavy rail metro. Cities that built light-metro, such as Ottawa and Seattle, use light rail vehicles, as they are much cheaper to operate and far more flexible in operation, especially for future expansion.

TransLink continues to use this cunning method of manipulating analysis to justify SkyTrain in corridor after corridor, and thus succeeds in keeping its proprietary rail system expanding.

Gerald Fox, Noted American engineer, retired.

TransLink’s well oiled propaganda machine, churning out ”fake news” and “alternative facts” has created the local SkyTrain myth. The SkyTrain myth has fuelled the SkyTrain Lobby, which repeats TransLink’s fake news so much that politicians and the public have come to believe the SkyTrain myth.

The Broadway subway is testament to the power of the SkyTrain myth. Funding for the $2.83 billion Broadway subway has been approved, yet its foundation is one of half truths and questionable planning.

The North American Standard for building a subway is a transit route with traffic flows in excess of 15,000 persons per hour per direction (pphpd), yet peak traffic flows on the 99B Line is about 2,000 pphpd, based on 3 minute, peak hour headway’s. Maximum transit flows on Broadway are less than 4,000 persons per hour per direction!

TransLink’s two top planners were fired for their opposition to the subway, by publicly stating the obvious; that there wasn’t the ridership on Broadway to justify an almost $3 billion subway.

TransLink quite happily lets people believe that Broadway is the “most heavily used transit route in Canada“, but instead claims “This is our region’s most overcrowded bus route.”, when there is a threat of professional or legal accountability.

The problem with TransLink is that you can never believe what it says; TransLink never produces a report based on the same set of assumptions.”

Former West Vancouver Clr. Victor Durman, Chair of the GVRD (now METRO) Finance Committee.

The former Mayor of Surrey’s flip flop from LRT to SkyTrain was also predictable, as the bureaucrats at TransLink did their best to ensure this would happen.

The well oiled SkyTrain Lobby was in full force with every bit of classic fake news and alternative facts they could muster, yet ignored the fact that MALM is now considered obsolete internationally and only seven such systems have been built in over forty years and no sales for the past 18 years!

The former Mayor of Surrey’s election claim that a SkyTrain extension from King George station to Langley City could be completed for $1.65 billion, was later exposed to be false, yet the Mayor’s Council on Transit, the Minister of Transportation took no action!

The fix was in!

The $1.65 billion figure pales when compared to the present estimate of $4.6 billion to $5.1 billion.

The cost of the Surrey/Langley/Line is so expensive that the provincial government has broken the one project into two projects in an attempt to hide the true cost.

  1. The guideway project, with a cost estimate now of $4.1 billion.
  2. The Operations and Maintenance Centre #5 project, which must be completed before the line can enter into revenue operation, is now estimated to cost $500 million to $1 billion on top of the now estimated $4.1 billion for the guideway! The stated costs do not include the costs for new vehicles.

 TransLink, the provincial and federal governments stay mute on the true costs of extending the SkyTrain light-metro system.

With the NDP promising to complete the proprietary MALM railway to Langley, a very costly issue arises.

The aging Expo line is desperately in need of a major rehab. This rehab includes a major overhaul and expanded electrical supply; a new automatic train control system, all the switches being replaced on both the Expo and Millennium Lines to permit faster operation and all stations must be rebuilt to deal with the higher customer flows which come with a higher capacity. The rehab is said to cost between $2 billion to $3 billion and must be done before any extension to Langley is built. TransLink has already signed a $1.47 billion resignalling contract with Thales, leaving the necessary and much needed electrical rehab and upgrades waiting for future funding. The cost also does not include station rebuilding, nor vehicle purchases.

 

When the driverless SkyTrain breaks down.

When the driverless SkyTrain breaks down.

 

The combined annual operating costs for the Broadway subway and the full Expo Line to Langley will exceed $70 million annually. Will this cost be taken from the regional bus system, to pay for two very questionable and politically frivolous transit projects?

If taxes are not greatly increased, this will certainly happen.

How is this to be funded?

Is a $4.6 to $5.1 billion expanding MALM 16km a good investment, especially when ridership on opening day, according to Translink, will be less than what the Broadway 99 B Line bus carried pre Covid?

By comparison, 2022 cost for The Rail for the Valley’s Leewood Study, for a 130 km, Vancouver to Chilliwack passenger service, using the BC Electric rail line, servicing North Delta, Cloverdale, Langley, Abbotsford, Sardis and Chilliwack and connecting the many business parks, universities and colleges along the route, would cost $1.5 billion.

TransLink does not support the Leewood Study’s Vancouver to Chilliwack rail service because it would outperform their $4.6 to $5.1 billion, 16 km extension to the Expo and Millennium Lines and very embarrassing questions would be asked.

But, eventually, Vancouver will need to adopt lower-cost LRT in its lesser corridors, or else limit the extent of its rail system. And that seems to make some TransLink people very nervous.”

Gerald Fox

With the Covid-19 emergency now waning and major demographic changes taking place, a major rethink must be done on how we provide an affordable regional rail system. Metro Vancouver’s light-metro system has been well studied, yet those cities who have done so, have invested in light rail instead!

Why, after four decades of unprecedented investment in regional rail transit, has no one copied Vancouver’s light metro system, including the exclusive use of the proprietary MALM system?

Of the seven of the now called MALM systems built in the past forty years, Toronto is soon tearing down their version of MALM and Detroit’s version will soon follow, as both systems’ infrastructure are near being “life expired”.

Two of the later versions of MALM, marketed at the time as Advanced Rapid Transit (ART) built in Malaysia and Korea have embroiled both the patent holders, SNC Lavalin and Bombardier in legal proceedings, including charges of bribery. For added insult, the American government refused to subsidize any ART system because it is overly expensive to build and operate and was poorly designed!

 

The Korean government swore after the conclusion of its court case with Bombardier, they would never by this or any other Bombardier product, ever again.

The Everline. The Korean government swore after the conclusion of its court case with Bombardier, they would never buy this or any other Bombardier product, ever again.

It is time to put an end to MALM expansion or the provincial government and current mayors, will become like Marley’s ghost, dragging an ever longer chain made of empty cash-boxes, IOU’s, red ink, bare purses and increased taxes wrought in union made steel, election, after election for decades to come.

Remember the FastFerries?

Today, TransLink continues to be toxic with taxpayers and extending MALM to Langley or continuing the Broadway subway to UBC will make TransLink and all who supported the gold-plated extensions radioactive politically, on a Chernobyl scale.

For forty years regional and civic transportation planners and engineers have got it wrong. But, because of very good, publicly funded PR machines in Victoria, and local cities and municipalities, plus the lack of any honest reporting by the local media, regional politicians keep building with the obsolete light metro. Metro Vancouver’s SkyTrain light-metro system has convinced other cities to build with light rail because there is no real advantage with building the much more expensive light metro system.

It is time regional politicians rethink present regional rail transit planning, where today’s hugely expensive planning will exacerbate growing congestion and gridlock and certainly greatly increase already high taxes. The SkyTrain light metro system has become a politcal “tar-baby” and continues to be a showcase how Metro Vancouver’s regional transit planning has continued to get it wrong!

 It is interesting how TransLink has used this cunning method of manipulating analysis to justify SkyTrain in corridor after corridor, and has thus succeeded in keeping its proprietary rail system expanding. In the US, all new transit projects that seek federal support are now subjected to scrutiny by a panel of transit peers, selected and monitored by the federal government, to ensure that projects are analyzed honestly, and the taxpayer interests are protected. No SkyTrain project has ever passed this scrutiny in the US.

Gerald Fox

The Ottawa Fiasco Updated

Too many cooks spoil the broth and too many politicians spoil transit.

But there is one quote that leaves me puzzled:

The city chose an Alstom train with unproven technology that strained the limits of what an LRT system could do.

Light rail is anything but unproven, as it has been around in one form or another for about 125 years. The Citidis light rail vehicle family, which saw the first vehicles operate in 2006, now has well over 1,800 vehicles in operation in over 67 cities around the world!  Also, the system is not LRT at all, rather a light-metro, with fully automatic operation, which as been around since the late 1960’s! There is nothing unproven at all.

Some historical context.
In September 2009, the City of Ottawa paid Siemens Canada Limited, PCL Constructors Canada Inc., Ottawa LRT Corp. and St. Lawrence Cement Inc. the sum of $36,718,500.00 in order to settle their lawsuit for the wrongful termination of a contract for the design, construction and maintenance of a light rail transit system in Ottawa.
The project consisted of 27 kms of electrified track, 21 specially designed and built vehicles, associated mechanical and electrical equipment and various buildings.  Construction was to begin on October 15, 2006.  The project was a public-private partnership between the Province of Ontario and the Government of Canada each agreeing to contribute $200 million in funding.
In October 2006, the Government of Canada announced that its funding contribution was conditional upon receiving a notice of support for the project from the newly elected City Council following the November 2006 municipal election.  Following the municipal election, the newly elected council voted to change the scope of the project.  The Federal and Provincial governments would not guarantee funding for the changed scope.  In response, Ottawa terminated the contract on the basis that the condition precedent of funding from Provincial and Federal government had not been satisfied. The Project Agreement had limitation of liability clauses which purported to cap the plaintiff’s recovery at $2 million.
In June 2007, the plaintiffs commenced an action in Superior Court in Brampton, alleging fundamental breach and breach of the obligation to perform the Project Agreement in good faith. Brampton is the jurisdiction in which the lead plaintiffs were headquartered.  In September 2008, the City of Ottawa’s motion for a change of venue from Brampton to Ottawa was dismissed. In September 2009 a settlement of the action was reached on the basis of a payment of $36, 718,500.00.  Siemens Canada Limited, PCL Constructors and the Ottawa LRT Corp. were represented by McCarthy Tétrault LLP, Dean Novak, Siemens Canada Limited’s Assistant General Counsel, and Douglas Stollery, Q.C. General Counsel of PCL Constructors.

That’s right, Siemens was going to build a 27 km LRT system for $1 billion and a change of government changed  it to a $2.1 billion 12.5 km light metro, using the proven
Alstom Citidis tram.

In the end, what did the inquiry do, except fuel the anti-LRT crowd (who do not know what LRT is) and ruin politcal careers. Will the inquiry improve the delivery of future transit projects or hinder, only time will tell.

 1 Ottawa

 

‘Egregious violations of public trust’: LRT rushed into service, commission finds

‘Deliberate malfeasance is unacceptable in a public project,’ Justice William Hourigan writes in final report

The Cost Of Tunneling – Part 2

Again, our friend, Mr. Cow’s comment is worthy of a post of its own.

To tunnel or not to tunnel: that is the question and tunneling or subway construction has become politcal and not technical issue.

In the late Victorian era, during the railway building boom, small railway companies almost went bankrupt building tunnels because it was thought at the time that a “real railway was not a real railway, unless it had a tunnel”. This lead to many railway tunnels built strictly for corporate prestige; very expensive corporate prestige.

The same is for subways today, where many subways, like the Broadway subway, are being built strictly for politcal prestige and to hell with the taxpayer!

The Broadway subway, built on a route with a fraction of the ridership that would demand a subway, is being built as a driver for land speculation and land development and that folks, in Metro Vancouver, is why rapid transit is built.

Costs are in $USD$

Costs are in $USD$

Yes, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the USA especially, are generally more expensive to build rapid transit in than Asia, and PARTS of Europe. This is because these other countries have lower cost structures, Finland comes to mind, due to government price controls on most items. Developing economies, combined with high local populations can drive down certain construction costs greatly.

The European Union mostly, has government and an international subsidy system in place, specifically to lower construction costs. Many of which you could not be used in Canada, USA, Australia and New Zealand because they are outright illegal or would be considered highly prone to government or intergovernmental corruption and would most likely be interpreted as favoring already large, well connected international builders and engineering companies like, SNC Lavlin, Kewit and Bragados.

1. However, even Europe is now facing the same explosion of non construction related project cost increases that plague North Americans and Oceania projects. Europe is having to deal with huge insurance and legal cost increases, mainly due to the increased likelihood of using courts to slow large infrastructure projects, when the planning process fails too. An ageing workforce which means higher site and health injury costs. The huge increase in the cost of heavy construction equipment and its operations, like here in Canada, many European builders lease and don’t own their heavy equipment, which greatly increases equipment insurance and site insurance costs.

2. The system Europe had to control utility companies and their ancillary construction costs is braking down. Utility companies often force construction projects to over pay for updating sewer, water, cable and power lines, even on infrastructure outside of the construction zone. This is mainly due to industry privatization and their outright intransigence dealing with government construction projects around their utility infrastructure.

The US faces a big problem due to politics and the concentration of rapid transit projects in the same metropolitan areas, which are all growing. Not only are the projects that build tunnels, bridges and above grade viaducts for mainly heavy and light metros more expensive then building any rapid transit technology in physically segregated surface rights of way, keeping in mind that, tunnels , bridges and viaducts for LRT are expensive to construct as well. The number of easy to build rights of way for real BRT, LRT, Light Metros and Heavy Metros ars shrinking in number. For example, San Diego and Portland both early leaders in LRT are building far less because of the need to now upgrade older lines and all the cheap and easy to build in rights of way, are all gone. The low hanging fruit has all been picked.

Although not American, a graphic example, Manchester UK has built up an impressive and relatively inexpensive LRT network over the last 30 years (102 km’s worth) however, the last LRT system extension to one of Europe’s largest shopping malls, The Trafford Centre, was very expensive. This was because the surface extension had to travel above roads, bellow roads, beside roads, in the centre median of major roads and required significant sections of purchased private property because there were no more empty railway or former railway rights of way, to build on. This 5.6 km line was more expensive than the previous 2 projects, both of which, were significantly longer. This is why Manchester has been seriously investigating the Tram-Train concept (Light Rail Vehicles sharing the right of way on underused sections of mainline passenger and freight railway corridors). Something the area of Karlsruhe and Chemnitz Germany did very well and many other cities throughout Europe, are copying. A concept Zwei is a big supporter of.

The next problem is project concentration. There are 56 urban areas in the US with a population of greater than 1 million people and 81 urban areas with a population of greater than 750,000, according to the 2020 US Census. The vast majority (over 80%) of all real BRT, LRT, Light Metro, Heavy Metro and Regional Railway projects that were built in the U.S. for the last 15 years (the projects which cost the most), are in a small group of 14-18 metropolitan areas. BRT Lite, (express buses with nice bus stops) and the new Streetcar projects which generally all operate in mixed traffic, were not included.

Not only are these cities running out of cheap rights of way to build on, they represent a big proportion of the fastest-growing urban areas in the U.S. which means, these cities are by their very nature, are more expensive to build anything in. Most, not all of these cities are in states or metropolitan regions that are controlled by the Democratic Party, whom are far more likely than Republicans to significantly fund local transit operations and or build rapid transit of any kind. This is an enormous problem in the U.S., where entire transit operating budgets as well as rapid transit network construction projects, often can suddenly and or massively, get their funding cut because of a change in the controlling political party. This significantly drives up all costs. The results are predictable. Denver’s RTD, operates with a budget 2/3rd the size of Translink’s but serves a larger area and a population twice the size. There’s a reason most of Denver’s bus service, shuts down before 9 pm and that was before Covid 19. This is a terrible way to operate a transit system but they have no choice. Budget conscience people may applaud this but American cities are losing companies to Australian, Canadian and European cities simply because, they can’t get people to work before or past a certain times of the day, it’s costing real jobs. Locating a company in some massive suburban office park is becoming more difficult if the staff can’t get home by transit and must drive in or out of the office park for the majority of the day. It’s also more expensive for said company to have to maintain a huge parking lot or enormous multi-level suburban parking garage, than to build a smaller lot or structure and connect to a rapid transit station.

As I mentioned before, many older LRT and Metro systems in the US have stopped or severely cut back new construction to fund maintenance and upgrades of existing lines. Both Canada’s as well as the U.S.’s transit capital funding systems doesn’t do upgrade/maintenance funding well. These upgrade projects, something the SkyTrain really desperately needs, more than SkyTrain line extensions or new line projects, are expensive and time consuming because you have to keep the existing system running, while your doing the work. Toronto had to choose between shutting down the busiest rapid transit line in Canada for 3 to 4 years or shutdown sections of the line on weekends for 7 years (while the rest of it operates). It turned out to be 9 years, to do upgrades to the signaling, cabling, power system as well as right of way repairs on Line #1. All of which, just finished. Now line #2 and line #4 need to be done. The longer you wait, the longer it takes to do and the more it costs.

The Cost of Tunneling

The huge cost of tunneling for subway projects are barely mentioned in the media.

€4.4 billion for 6 km of twin bore tunnel and seven stations equals CAD $6.08 billion or CAD $1.o1 billion per km to build.

This should give pause for thought to BC and regional politicians that the high cost of subway construction will negatively impact other transportation projects in the province. with the 7 km plus Broadway subway, Arbutus to UBC section, yet to be built, one can estimate the cost in excess of CAD $7 billion!

Locally, $7 billion can buy the following:

  1. A completely rebuilt E&N railway providing up to three trains per hour per direction, servicing Victoria to Port Alberni and Courtney.
  2. A complete Leewood/RftV regional railway providing up to 3 trains per hour per direction, servicing Vancouver to Chilliwack.
  3. A stand alone European style tramway, running from BCIT to UBC and Stanley Park.

Easily 400 km of rail transit, connecting scores of towns, major destinations and tourist attractions, as well as providing an attractive and affordable alternative to the car.

Today, subways are the “flavour of the month”. Politicians love them because they firmly believe that the more money one spends on transit, the better it is and big business loves them because they receive huge amounts of taxpayer;s monies to build them.

Yet, building subways, creates a politcal myopia for transit investment, because the huge costs means only a small length of subway is actually built and the only alternative is building new and bigger highways, bridges and tunnels to carry the traffic, which is exactly what is happening with highway 99 from the Oak Street Bridge to White Rock!

 

The huge cost of subways, which inturn grossly inflates the cost of 'rail transit' makes new highway construction the only alternative.

The huge cost of subways, which in turn grossly inflates the cost of ‘rail transit’ makes new highway construction the only alternative.

 

Vinci, Ferrovial land €4.4bn Toronto metro tunnelling project